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    Electronic Components
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    2. Electronic Components
    3. Timing Devices (Crystal Unit / Ceramic Resonator)
    4. Ceramic Resonators (CERALOCK)
    5. Basic Knowledge
    6. Oscillation
    Ceramic Resonators (CERALOCK)

    Ceramic Resonators (CERALOCK)Oscillation

    Basic Knowledge of Ceramic Resonators CERALOCK®

    Generally, oscillations circuits fall into the following three classes:

    • 1.Positive feedback
    • 2.Negative resistance
    • 3.Transmission time or phase delay

     Of the above circuits, the CERALOCK®, quartz crystal units and LC circuits use the first method. Colpitts circuit and Hartley circuit are typical examples of LC positive feedback and tuned antibonding oscillation circuit, see below.

    • Colpitts circuit
      <Colpitts circuit>
    • Hartley circuit
      <Hartley circuit>

    The above circuits use the most fundamental transistors as amplifiers. The oscillation frequency of the Colpitts and Hartley circuit is approximately the same as the resonant frequency of the circuit comprised of L, CL1 and CL2 and that of the circuit comprised of L1 and L2, respectively. The oscillation frequency of these circuits is individually expressed by the following formulae:

    • Colpitts circuit
      <Colpitts circuit>
    • Hartley circuit
      <Hartley circuit>

    To use the CERALOCK® in the LC circuit, replace "L" of the LC circuit with the CERALOCK® by utilizing the inductance between "fr" and "fa." Generally, the CERALOCK® is replaced with "L" of the Colpitts circuit.
    The operating principle of the oscillation circuit is described below. In the feedback circuit as shown on the right, its oscillating conditions are as follows:



    Loop gain
    Loop gain

    The Colpitts circuit uses an inverting amplifier (theta1=180°), and also uses "L" and "C" in the feedback circuit for further inversion (theta2=180°). When the CERALOCK® is used in the oscillation circuit, it is based on the same operating principle. To build the Colpitts oscillation circuit using the CERALOCK®, the method of using an inverter is most commonly and easily available.

    Basic Knowledge

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    1. Electronic Components
    2. Timing Devices (Crystal Unit / Ceramic Resonator)
    3. Ceramic Resonators (CERALOCK)
    4. Basic Knowledge
    1. HOME
    2. Electronic Components
    3. Timing Devices (Crystal Unit / Ceramic Resonator)
    4. Ceramic Resonators (CERALOCK)
    5. Basic Knowledge
    6. Oscillation
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