Noise suppression technologies/case study introduction (Automotive)
Automotive Ethernet for ADAS Noise suppression measures for 1000Base-T1 (4)
INDEX
- Spread of Automotive Ethernet in Automobiles
- Signal Transmission by Automotive Ethernet
- Noise Issues in Automotive Ethernet
- Factors for Generation of Common Mode Noise
- Noise Suppression Measures for Automotive Ethernet
- Notes on CMCCs Used in Automotive Ethernet
- Measures for Preventing Conducted Emission
- Testing of Immunity (DPI) Measures
- Key Points for Testing of Immunity (DPI) Measures
- Conclusion
8. Testing of Immunity (DPI) Measures
A DPI (Direct Power Injection) test was conducted using the same 1000Base-T1 EMC test board as conducted emission.
Frequency | 1 - 1000MHz |
---|---|
Power(MAX) | 39dBm |
Power Step | 0.5dB |
EUT | 1000Base-T1 EMC Test Board |
DC Power Supply | GP035-5(Takasago) |
Signal Generator | SML02(Rohde&Schwarz) |
Power Amplifier | BSA1040-100 (1-400MHz) BLWA4010-100 (400-1000MHz) |
Common mode noise is conducted out from an external source to the signal line on the 1000Base-T1 EMC test board, and a control PC is used to confirm whether any communication errors occurred.
In the same way as the conducted emission, the DLW32MH101XT2 (CMCC for 1000Base-T1), DLW43MH201XK2 (CMCC for 100Base-T1), and DLW32SH101XK2 (CMCC for CAN) were used as test CMCCs.
1000Base-T1 DPI Test Results
At low frequencies of 2 MHz and less, the CMCCs exhibited differences in performance levels, but for other frequencies, there was no difference in performance, and all CMCCs satisfied the limit values.
1000Base-T1 DPI Test Results
The differences in the CMCCs at 2 MHz and less are thought to be due to common mode attenuation (Scc21). Differences in the mode conversion characteristics did not affect the results in the DPI test.
9. Key Points for Testing of Immunity (DPI) Measures
100Base-T1 DPI Test Results
After 1000Base-T1, the DPI test was also conducted for 100Base-T1. The CMCC for 100Base-T1 satisfied the limit values. However, the CMCC for CAN performed worse than the CMCC for 100Base-T1 at low frequencies of 1 MHz and less, and it also did not meet the limit values at 8 to 60 MHz, and failed the test.
The differences at 2 MHz and less are thought to be due to common mode attenuation (Scc21). Also, the differences at 8 to 60 MHz are thought to be due to the mode conversion characteristics.
Noise Entry Mechanism
One factor why the mode conversion characteristics of the CMCC affected the test results for 100Base-T1 is that the common mode noise that entered from an external source was converted to differential mode noise, which distorted the signal waveform, resulting in a communication error.
Notes on Board Design
In the same way as conducted emissions, in addition to the CMCC, this may also be caused by mode conversion due to imbalances on the board, and so careful attention is needed in board design.
10. Conclusion
- For the automotive Ethernet standard 1000Base-T1, high performance is required in the CMCCs used for noise suppression, and the mode conversion characteristics are particularly important.
- In evaluation of conducted emissions, a CMCC having mode conversion characteristics that meets the required values for 1000Base-T1 is needed for suppressing noise. The limit values are not satisfied when using CMCCs for CAN or for 100Base-T1.
- Even in the CMCC for 1000Base-T1, the mode conversion characteristics can worsen due to variations in the board design and installed components, resulting in increased noise. For this reason, careful attention on this point is necessary in the design process.
- In the DPI test, which is an immunity test, the required performance for the CMCC is lower than that for conducted emissions, but the noise resistance varies by the PHY, and so the one with lower mode conversion characteristics is preferred.
Automotive Ethernet CMCCs Mentioned in This Article
DLW32MH101XT2
1. Effective for suppressing noise emitted from signal lines in automobile networks.
2. Fully compatible with the 1000Base-T1 automotive Ethernet standard
3. Operating temperature range for automotive applications: -40°C to 125°C
DLW43MH201XK2
1. L4.5×W3.2×T2.7 mm, Compact type with dimensional tolerance of ±0.2 mm
2. Provides common mode inductance of 200 μH (at 0.1 MHz) despite its compact size
3. Significant improvement in mode conversion characteristics
Compatible interface | Part number | Size | Common mode inductance |
Rated current |
---|---|---|---|---|
1000Base-T1 | DLW32MH101XT2 | 3.2×2.5mm | 100μH typ | 100mA |
100Base-T1 | DLW43MH201XK2 | 4.5×3.2mm | 200μH typ | 110mA |