S-parameters are parameters that express the characteristics of RF electronic circuits and components.
Among the S-parameters, return loss and input/output impedance can be calculated from the reflected wave (reflection coefficient), and parameters such as gain, loss, and phase can be calculated from the transmitted wave (transmission coefficient).
S-parameter model data can be loaded to analysis tools and simulators and used in simulations in combination with network analysis and digital signal processing. This enables objective analysis of RF circuits as well as evaluation of circuits and components in the pre-design stage.